Catalytic cracking spray nozzle assembly with liquid inlet extension and diffuser

ABSTRACT

A gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly having a nozzle body that defines a mixing zone, a liquid inlet communicating with the mixing zone from a side thereof, and a pressurized gas inlet communicating with the mixing chamber from an upstream end. The liquid inlet includes a liquid inlet extension and diffuser post extending transversely into the mixing zone having a liquid extension passageway and a closed downstream end that defines an internal impingement surface disposed on a central axis of the mixing zone against which liquid impinges and is transversely directed into the mixing zone for atomization by pressurized gas directed centrally through the mixing zone from the gas inlet. The spray nozzle assembly includes a barrel extension zone downstream of said mixing zone with a spray tip for directing the atomized liquid in a predetermined spray pattern.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/880,308, filed Sep. 20, 2013, which is incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to liquid spray nozzles, and more particularly, to spray nozzle assemblies particularly adapted for atomizing and spraying a liquid feed to a fluidized catalytic cracking riser reactor.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A spray nozzle assembly of the foregoing type is shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,921,472, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference. Such spray nozzle assemblies typically include a nozzle body which defines a mixing chamber into which a liquid hydrocarbon and pressurized gas, such as steam, are introduced and within which the liquid hydrocarbon is atomized. To enhance liquid atomization within the mixing chamber, an impingement pin extends into the chamber and defines liquid impingement surface on the center line of the mixing chamber in diametrically opposed relation to the liquid inlet against which a pressurized liquid stream impinges and is transversely dispersed and across which pressurized steam from a gas inlet is directed for further interaction and shearing of the liquid into fine droplets. The atomized liquid within the mixing chamber is directed under the force of the pressurized steam through an elongated tubular barrel, commonly disposed within a wall of the catalytic reactor riser, for discharge from a spray tip at a downstream end thereof within the riser.

The nozzle body of such spray nozzle assemblies, which defines the mixing chamber and receives the impingement pin, a liquid hydrocarbon inlet, and a pressurized steam inlet, is a relatively expensive component of the spray nozzle assembly. The nozzle body commonly is machined from solid metal stock, which due to its complexity, is laborious and time consuming, substantially increasing the cost of the nozzle assembly. Providing the several individual components within the nozzle body further adds to the cost.

In such spray nozzle assemblies, the liquid hydrocarbon flow stream also must pass through half the diameter of the mixing chamber before it impacts the impingement pin. Particularly in spray nozzle assemblies with relatively large diameter mixing chambers, such as those having a mixing chamber of four inches and more in diameter, there can be a tendency for the liquid hydrocarbon flow stream introduced into the mixing chamber to only partially impact the impingement surface of the impingement pin. The reason for this is that the liquid flow stream must pass a significant distance through the mixing chamber where it is subjected to a heavy cross flow of steam before impacting the impingement surface. This tends to cause a shift in the liquid flow stream away from the center of the impingement surface, the magnitude of which is dependent upon the velocities of the pressurized steam and liquid flow streams for a particular setup. The shift prevents a portion of the liquid hydrocarbon flow stream from being shattered against the impingement pin, resulting in a significant increase in droplet size for a portion of the spray volume that adversely affects the spray performance. In order to overcome such shift in the liquid flow stream introduced into the mixing chamber, heretofore it has been necessary to increase the liquid pressure to overcome the effect of the steam cross flow. This necessitates the need for larger and higher pressure process pumps that are more expensive to operate and more susceptible to breakdowns.

SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid hydrocarbon spray nozzle assembly that is adapted for more effective and complete liquid atomization, and hence, improved spray performance in catalytic cracking reactors.

Another object is to provide a spray nozzle assembly as characterized above in which the liquid hydrocarbon flow stream introduced into the mixing chamber of the spray nozzle body is not adversely effected by the pressurized steam cross flow prior to engaging an impingement surface that shatters and transversely directs the liquid within a mixing zone.

A further object is to provide a spray nozzle assembly of the above kind that can be reliably operated without the need for higher pressure and more expensive process pumps.

Still another object is to provide a spray nozzle assembly of the foregoing type that is simpler in construction and lends itself to more economical manufacture. A related object is to provide such a spray nozzle assembly which eliminates the need for a separate impingement pin and its mounting structure within the nozzle body.

Yet a further object is to provide a spray nozzle assembly design of the foregoing type which lends itself to easy retrofitting of existing units in the field.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings, in which:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of a spray nozzle assembly in accordance with the present invention mounted within the wall of a riser of a catalytic cracking reactor;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal section of the spray nozzle assembly shown in FIG. 1; and

FIG. 3 is an enlarged transverse section taken in the plane of line 3-3 in FIG. 2

While the invention is susceptible of various modifications and alternative constructions, a certain illustrative embodiment thereof has been shown in the drawings and will be described below in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention. In that regard, while the illustrated spray nozzle assembly is particularly effective for atomizing and spraying liquid hydrocarbons in catalytic cracking systems, it will be understood that the utility of the nozzle assembly is not limited to that usage.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Referring now more particularly to the drawings there is shown and illustrative spray nozzle assembly 10 in accordance with the invention mounted in a conventional manner in an insulated wall 11 (shown in phantom) of a riser of a fluidized catalytic reactor. The spray nozzle assembly 10 is supported in a tubular sleeve 12 fixed within the wall 11 at an acute angle to the vertical for discharging atomized liquid hydrocarbon upwardly into the riser. The tubular sleeve 12 in this case has an outwardly extending flange 14 to which a support flange 15 fixed to the spray nozzle assembly 10 may be secured.

The illustrated spray nozzle assembly 10, as best depicted in FIG. 2, basically comprises a nozzle body in the form of an uninterrupted elongated tubular member 17 that defines a mixing zone 20 having a liquid hydrocarbon inlet 21 and a pressurized steam or other gas inlet 22 disposed on an outer side of the wall 11 of the riser and an elongated barrel extension zone 24 communicating with the mixing zone 20 disposed in and extending through the nozzle support sleeve 12 and riser wall 11. A spray tip 25 having one or more discharge orifices 26 is supported at a downstream end of the tubular member 17 within the riser for discharging and directing the atomized liquid spray. The tubular member 17 may be a single length of pipe, such as Schedule 80 steel pipe, having an internal diameter of between about 2 to 8 inches.

In accordance with the invention, the spray nozzle assembly is adapted for more effective and reliable spray performance, while having a simpler construction which eliminates the need for a separate impingement pin and mounting structure within the nozzle body. In the illustrated embodiment, the steam inlet 22 is mounted in an upstream end of the tubular member 17 and the liquid inlet 21 is mounted in a side wall of the tubular member 17 adjacent the upstream end. The steam inlet 22 includes a fitting 30 having a mounting flange 31 for securement to a supply line 32 coupled to a steam or other gas supply and a downstream cylindrical section for securement to an upstream axial end of the tubular member 17. The ends of the steam inlet fitting 30 and the tubular member 17 are chamfered for facilitating securement by a weldment 34. The steam inlet fitting 30 includes an orifice member 36 for defining a steam inlet passage 38 of predetermined diameter for the pressurized steam with an upstream conical section 39 for channeling steam into and through the inlet passage 38.

The liquid inlet 21, like the steam inlet 22, includes an inlet fitting 40. The liquid inlet fitting 40 has a reduced diameter counter bore section 41 that fits within an opening 42 in the tubular member 17, which in this case is formed with an inwardly tapered conical sidewall for facilitating securement of the fitting 40 to the tubular member 17 by an appropriate annular weldment. The liquid inlet fitting 40 has an upstream mounting flange 44 for securement of the fitting 40 to a supply line 43 which in turn is coupled to a suitable liquid hydrocarbon supply. The liquid inlet fitting 40 receives an internally mounted orifice member 45 that defines a liquid inlet flow passage 46 of predetermined diameter through which the feed liquid is directed. The illustrated orifice member 45 and fitting 40 have respective conical entry sections 48, 49 for channeling the feed liquid into and through the orifice member 45.

In accordance with this embodiment, the liquid inlet 21 has a liquid inlet extension and diffuser post 55 protruding into the mixing zone 20 having a central liquid extension passageway 56 communicating between the orifice member 45 and discharge orifices 58 which transversely direct liquid into the mixing zone 20 substantially at a central axis 59 of the mixing zone 20. In the illustrated embodiment, the liquid inlet extension and diffuser post 55 is a separate tubular member fixedly mounted in abutting relation to a downstream end of the liquid orifice member 45. The liquid inlet extension and diffuser post 55 in this instance has an upstream outwardly extending annular flange 60 that is clamped between a shoulder defined by an inner annular end of the fitting 40 and the downstream end of the orifice member 45. It will be understood that alternatively the orifice member 45 and the liquid inlet extension and diffuser post 55 could be made as a single part. In this case, the central extension passageway 56 of the liquid inlet extension and diffuser post 55 is larger in diameter than the orifice member passageway 46 for allowing unimpeded flow of liquid hydrocarbon through the extension and diffuser post 55.

In carrying out this embodiment, the liquid inlet extension and diffuser post 55 has a closed downstream terminal end 65 which defines a flat internal impingement surface 66 substantially on the central axis 59 of the mixing zone against which pressurized liquid hydrocarbon communicating through the extension passageway 56 impinges and is transversely directed and spread out relative to the central axis 59 of the mixing zone 20 and the cross flow of pressurized steam from the steam inlet 22. The discharge orifices 58 in this case communicate radially outwardly from diametrically opposed sides of the liquid inlet extension and diffuser post 55 and are formed by U-shaped cross slots or cutouts extending inwardly into intersecting relation with the central passageway 56 from opposite sides thereof. The upper sides 68 of the illustrated cross slots are substantially coplanar with the impingement surface 66 defined by the closed end 65 of the post 55 and the cross slots that define the discharge orifices 58 extend sufficiently into the extension passageway 56 that the discharge from discharge orifices 58 is in the form of two substantially flat fan patterns at the center of the steam cross flow. The outer terminal end 65 of the liquid inlet extension and diffuser post 55 in this case rounded for facilitating the passage of steam about the end of the post 55.

In operation, it will be seen that the liquid inlet extension and diffuser post 55 will shield the liquid flow stream from the steam cross flow until after it has impacted the internal impingement surface 66 of the post 55. This ensures that the liquid flow stream will fully impact the impingement surface 66 without any undesirable shift from the pressurized steam cross flow. Following impact with the internal impingement surface 66, the liquid spreads out through the cross slots that define the discharge orifices 58 in two flat fan spray patterns at the center of and transversely to the steam cross flow through the mixing zone 20 for maximum interaction and atomization of the discharging liquid. Since the liquid inlet extension and diffuser post 55 is directly subjected to the steam cross flow, preferably it is coated or produced with a wear resistant material, such as stellite or ceramic. It will be appreciated that the liquid inlet extension and diffuser post 55, when a separate component from the liquid orifice member 45, is adapted for easy retrofitting in the field that may have performance problems, particularly in spraying systems with relatively large diameter mixing zones 20. In that case, the existing impingement pin may be removed and replaced with a short length plug and the liquid inlet extension and diffuser post 55 installed in the liquid inlet 21.

From the foregoing, it can be seen that a spray nozzle assembly is provided for more reliably atomizing liquid hydrocarbon flow streams for improved spray performance in fluidized catalytic crocking systems. Yet, the spray nozzle assembly is relatively simple in construction, eliminates the need for a separate impingement post, and can be operated without the need for high pressure and more expensive processing pumps. 

1. A gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly comprising: a nozzle body which defines a mixing zone that communicates with an elongated barrel extension zone downstream of the mixing zone, a liquid inlet supported by said nozzle body through which a pressurized liquid stream is directed into said mixing zone, a gas inlet mounted in an upstream end of said nozzle body through which a pressurized gas stream is directed into said mixing chamber along a central axis of the mixing zone, said liquid inlet including a liquid inlet extension and diffuser post extending into said mixing chamber in transverse relation to the central axis thereof, said liquid inlet extension and diffuser post having a liquid extension passageway, said liquid inlet extension and diffuser post defining an internal impingement surface at a downstream end of said extension passageway against which liquid directed through said extension passageway impinges and is transversely directed, said liquid inlet extension and diffuser post being formed with a plurality of discharge orifices communicating with said extension passageway adjacent said impingement surface for directing impinging transversely directed liquid into said mixing zone for intermixing and atomization by pressurized gas directed through said mixing zone and the direction of atomized liquid through said barrel zone, and a spray tip mounted at a downstream end of said barrel zone having a discharge orifice through which atomized liquid directed through said barrel zone is discharged in a predetermined spray pattern.
 2. The gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly of claim 1 in which said internal impingement surface is a flat surface.
 3. The gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly of claim 2 in which said internal impingement surface is disposed on the central axis of the mixing zone.
 4. The gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly of claim 3 in which said discharge orifices of said liquid inlet extension and diffuser post direct liquid impinging from said impingement surface into said mixing zone in a flat spray pattern.
 5. The gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly of claim 4 in which said liquid inlet extension and diffuser post has a pair of discharge orifices disposed on opposite sides thereof.
 6. The gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly of claim 1 in which said liquid inlet extension and diffuser post has a closed downstream terminal end that defines said impingement surface.
 7. The gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly of claim 6 in which said liquid discharge orifices of said liquid inlet extension and diffuser post communicate with said central extension passageway with one side in a plane with said impingement surface.
 8. The gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly of claim 7 in which said impingement surface is flat, and said discharge orifices each have a side coplanar with the flat impingement surface.
 9. The gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly of claim 1 in which said discharge orifices are defined by cross slots extending through said liquid inlet extension and diffuser post in communication with said central extension passageway.
 10. The gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly of claim 1 in which said nozzle body is in the form of a one piece hollow cylindrical tubular member that defines both said mixing chamber and said barrel zone.
 11. The gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly of claim 10 in which said tubular body is a single cylindrical pipe section.
 12. The gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly of claim 1 in which said liquid inlet includes an orifice member that defines a predetermined sized liquid inlet passage, and said liquid inlet extension and diffuser post is a separate tubular member mounted downstream of said orifice member.
 13. The gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly of claim 12 in which said extension passageway of said liquid inlet extension and diffuser post is larger in diameter than said inlet passage of said orifice member.
 14. A gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly comprising: a nozzle body in the form of a hollow tubular member that defines a cylindrical mixing zone and an elongated barrel extension zone downstream of the mixing zone, a liquid inlet supported by said nozzle body through which a pressurized liquid stream is directed into said mixing zone, a gas inlet mounted in an upstream end of said nozzle body through which a pressurized gas stream is directed into said mixing chamber along a central axis of the mixing zone, said liquid inlet including a liquid inlet extension and diffuser post extending into said mixing chamber in transverse relation to the central axis thereof, said liquid inlet extension and diffuser post having a extension passageway, said liquid inlet extension and diffuser post having a closed downstream terminal end that defines an internal impingement surface against which liquid directed through said extension passageway impinges and is transversely directed, said liquid inlet extension and diffuser post being formed with a plurality of discharge orifices communicating with said extension passageway adjacent said impingement surface for directing impinging transversely directed liquid into said mixing zone for intermixing and atomization by pressurized gas directed through said mixing zone and the direction of atomized liquid through said barrel zone, and a spray tip mounted at a downstream end of said tubular member having a discharge orifice through which atomized liquid directed through said barrel zone is discharged in a predetermined spray pattern.
 15. The gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly of claim 14 in which said nozzle body is a one piece tubular member.
 16. The gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly of claim 14 in which said internal impingement surface is disposed on the central axis of the mixing zone.
 17. The gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly of claim 16 in which said liquid discharge orifices of said liquid inlet extension and diffuser post communicate with said extension passageway with a side in a plane of said impingement surface.
 18. The gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly of claim 14 in which said liquid inlet includes an orifice member that defines a predetermined sized liquid inlet passage, and said liquid inlet extension and diffuser post is a separate tubular member mounted downstream of said orifice member.
 19. The gas assisted liquid spray nozzle assembly of claim 18 in which said extension passageway of said liquid inlet extension and diffuser post is larger in diameter than said inlet passage of said orifice member. 